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Explore the perils of winter – A guide on ‘what’ winter tree damage is and ‘how’ to thwart it!

While trees are generally resilient and stay dormant during winter, they are susceptible to damage from harsh winter conditions. Frost, ice, and dry air during the colder months can adversely affect various tree species. Excessive winter damage may lead to struggles for survival, even as the warmer months approach. This article provides information about tree damage to help you identify potential issues.

Snow Damage To Roots

• Extreme cold temperatures can be harmful to tree roots. As the soil temperature drops fairly low, the roots begin to damage and eventually die. Moist soil holds heat better than dry soil. Therefore, it is better to water your trees properly in the fall. Mulch your trees before winter, and pay particular attention to young and shallow-rooted trees.

Frost heaving can expose the tree roots to cold air. Therefore, it is a good idea to lay a 2-4 inch layer of mulch under trees. Mulch will act as an insulator to protect the tree from cold. However, it is better to avoid mulching around the trunk. Otherwise, the mice may use it as shelter.

Damaged Caused by Temperature Fluctuations

• Plants undergo dormancy in winter, shedding leaves and greenery, but trees remain exposed to the cold. However, it’s not the extreme cold that harms trees the most. It’s the rapid temperature fluctuations.

Gradual changes allow trees to acclimate, but sudden shifts, especially from warm to extremely cold, can cause significant damage. A mostly mild winter with a sudden cold snap can be more devastating than a consistently cold one. Understanding these temperature dynamics is crucial for protecting trees during the winter season.

Impact of Low Temperatures

• A tree’s response to low temperatures is tied to its species and the climate zone. Native and hardy trees are accustomed to specific climate zones, so low temperatures pose minimal risk. These trees are naturally equipped to withstand the temperatures they encounter. However, non-native trees may suffer damage in climates beyond their natural range.

Consider planting less hardy trees in slightly shaded areas, such as around your house, a barn, or other trees. Statistics show that temperature fluctuations pose a more significant risk to non-native trees than extreme cold. However, except for very young trees, simple cold temperatures are unlikely to lead to a tree’s demise. Understanding these distinctions aids in effective tree management during winter.

Damage Caused By Snow and Ice

However, if the snow is frozen in place, avoid attempting removal, as it may cause more harm than good. Ice, on the other hand, can be more problematic for trees. While regular icing is usually well-tolerated by native trees, severe ice storms may result in cracks and damage. Attempting to force ice off a tree can be detrimental. It’s advisable to let it melt naturally to prevent additional harm. You can take proactive measures to protect your trees during winter by differentiating the impact of snow and ice.

At American Tree Experts Inc., we offer the best services to keep your plants out of harm’s way. Our other most sought-after services are pruning, bracing, pest management, and nutritional management. We offer services in Mont Clair, New Jersey. Call us at (973) 744-6091 for a free quote.

Branch out from beginner – 5 creative types of tree pruning to impress your neighborhood

Tree pruning offers numerous advantages, ensuring the health and strength of your trees. Removing heavy branches or diseased limbs can enhance the resistance to diseases. Unfortunately, many homeowners overlook the importance of professional tree trimming or pruning until it becomes urgent. This article highlights different types of tree pruning and their importance.

An Overview of Tree Pruning

• Tree pruning removes dead, diseased, and loose tree branches to help protect against pests and diseases and promote growth. The branches that cross over one another or interfere with other parts of the tree are also removed.

This process enhances the shape, aesthetics, and health of a tree. Incorrect pruning, especially by untrained individuals, can stunt the plant’s growth, lead to pests, or even death of the tree. Therefore, trees should be pruned by arborists with proper training and experience to ensure optimal pruning without cutting unnecessary branches.

Importance of Tree Pruning

• Regular trimming reduces the number of overgrown branches, allowing you to assess the tree’s physical health better. This lets you quickly detect a disease or insect infestation and identify if something is wrong with the tree.
• Trimming the unwanted branches will result in healthier fruit production. In addition, the decreased competition for nutrients and energy strengthens the fruit-bearing branches of the tree, allowing the tree to produce nutrient-rich and flavorful fruit.
• Tree pruning can significantly influence the growth pattern of a tree. A tree can be guided to develop a specific arrangement of limbs and branches, which is more beneficial for its overall structural integrity. This careful maintenance reduces the risk of limb breakage and falling branches.
• The energy a tree produces through photosynthesis is determined by the sunlight reaching its leaves. The tree cannot produce enough energy if overgrown branches block the sunlight. The amount of sunlight that reaches the leaves can be improved by trimming the unwanted branches.

Types of Tree Pruning

The common types of tree pruning include:

Crown Thinning

• Crown thinning is a substantial tree pruning technique that eliminates smaller, weaker limbs from the upper sections of the tree. This action opens the tree canopy, enhancing air circulation and permitting more light to reach the lower branches and leaves.

Dead Pruning

• Removing dead, dying, or diseased branches is a crucial aspect of tree care. Dead pruning eliminates infected limbs and enhances the visual appeal of the trees, instantly elevating your property’s curb appeal. The risk of injury to human life and property is also reduced by eradicating all dead branches.

Crown Reduction

• Crown reduction is the ideal solution when the overall height of your trees is a cause for concern. This pruning method involves the removal of small branches attached to larger, heavier branches, preventing the trees from becoming excessively top-heavy.

Crown reduction is particularly useful for younger trees. Trimming the top part of young trees helps them grow tall and strong without the extra weight of small branches.

Crown Lifting

• Crown lifting is a pruning technique designed to eliminate low-hanging branches and limbs that exert downward pressure on higher ones. Typically applied to trees extending over sidewalks, roads, or homes, this process is more suitable for younger trees, as it may prove detrimental to larger, more mature ones.

Pollarding

• Pollarding is a pruning method that removes all branches, leaving behind a framework of secondary branches along the main stem. This is done when trees are still young and continues regularly throughout their lifespan. Pollarding yields a steady supply of small-diameter poles without causing harm to the tree, ensuring sustainable tree management.

If you are looking for the best pruning and tree removal services for your trees, contact American Tree Experts Inc. today. We are a group of tree experts working in Montclair, New Jersey. Call us today at (973) 744-6091, and we will give you a fantastic quote for free.

Why you should care – The hidden dangers of tree fungus and how to stop them

Your trees face various challenges throughout their lifetime, including the tree fungus. These fungi manifest in diverse forms, from seemingly benign shelf mushrooms to the more deadly Rhizosphaera Needle Cast. While you can’t completely cure a tree of fungus, you can restore your tree’s health and vitality. Read this guide to identify and mitigate the impact of tree fungus to keep your trees healthy and thriving.

What is Tree fungus?

• Fungi are diverse spore-producing organisms and thrive on organic matter, including molds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools. These fungal species grow across North America and worldwide. Fungal infections can occur in several ways. For instance, mushrooms on a tree trunk often indicate the presence of wood decay fungi.

These infections can impact any part of a tree, resulting in infected branches, discolored tree bark, or dead wood. However, many fungi play beneficial roles, actively participating in decomposition and nutrient cycling within diverse ecosystems. Additionally, these fungi contribute to carbon dioxide fixation in the soil, preventing climate change.

Types of Fungi

• While many fungi establish friendly relationships with trees in symbiosis, certain types of fungi can pose a threat and cause substantial damage. Two particularly hazardous types of fungus are root rot and collar rot, each capable of wreaking havoc on trees. Let’s explore these menacing varieties:

1. Root Rot

• Root rot targets the roots of trees and indoor and outdoor plants. Infected tree roots transform, becoming slimy and mushy, hindering their ability to absorb water, oxygen, and nutrients.

Various fungi contribute to root rot, including:

Armillaria (Shoestring Fungus)

• They affect various plants, including palms, succulents, and trees. Initial signs include dropping leaves, yellowing, and upper limb dieback.

Phytophthora

• They typically infect trees and plants in poorly drained areas, leading to rapidly wilting and dying leaves and branches, especially in heat.

Pythium

• Often linked to grass die-off but can also infect conifers and hardwoods, causing leaf, branch, and limb loss or stunted growth.

Fusarium

• Commonly associated with stressed or injured trees, causing wilting, yellowing leaves, and decayed roots in various tree species.

Rhizoctonia

• Primarily impacts seedlings and young trees, while rot symptoms in older trees may be attributed to another fungus.

Thielaviopsis (Black Root Rot)

• Particularly threatening to palms, this fungus consumes the plant from the inside out, ultimately leading to its collapse.

They are typically associated with areas of poor drainage or persistent moisture. Addressing the issue promptly with expert guidance can often save the tree from irreversible damage.

2. Collar Rot

• Collar rot is a fungal infection that targets the collar. The collar is the portion right above the ground that widens beneath the trunk and above the root flare. The collar requires its place above ground to receive essential light nutrients and, crucially, to remain dry. Excessive water exposure or burial in the soil creates a favorable environment for collar rot. While Phytophthora is a common cause, several other species, both host-specific and more general, can contribute to collar rot.

Fruit trees, in particular, face increased vulnerability. Recognizing collar rot involves identifying symptoms such as cankers on the trunk between the soil line and crown roots, scattered yellow leaves appearing mid-season, a reddish or purple tint in the foliage by late September, and sparse foliage coupled with reduced vigor.

If you fear that your trees and plants are suffering from fungus, then waste no time and contact American Tree Experts. We provide effective and proactive Disease Management for plants and trees. Call us at (973) 744-6091 to get a free estimate of our services. We operate in Mont Clair, New Jersey, and nearby areas.

The pros and cons of treating nutrient deficiencies in trees – Making informed decisions

Nutrient deficiencies commonly occur when plants do not receive a sufficient supply of essential nutrients necessary for their growth and development. Without these nutrients, plants will fail to grow, become susceptible to diseases, and show symptoms of nutrient deficiencies. Keep reading to explore signs that indicate your tree needs prompt nutrient supply.

Signs of Nitrogen Deficiency

• When trees lack nitrogen, a noticeable yellowing of leaves becomes apparent. This is known as chlorosis. Also, leaves may exhibit more vibrant fall colors and premature drop, and the tree might produce small fruit.

Addressing nitrogen deficiencies involves fertilization, either through surface broadcasting or, preferably, deep-root fertilization. This treatment ensures nitrogen reaches the tree’s roots, subsequently being absorbed. It’s advisable to periodically address nitrogen deficiency in the soil for sustained tree health.

Signs of Phosphorus (P) Deficiency

Phosphorus is the second key element in fertilizers, and plants absorb it primarily in phosphate. This nutrient plays a crucial role in various processes, including:

• Promotes photosynthesis
• Facilitates protein formation
• Supporting seed germination
• Stimulates blooming
• Expedites the budding phase

Furthermore, phosphorus leads to faster plant maturity. Plants experiencing a deficiency in phosphorus show distinctive signs, such as a purple or bronze discoloration on the undersides of older leaves. This coloration results from the accumulation of the pigment Anthocyanin. Affected plants exhibit slow growth and stunted development compared to their healthy counterparts.

Signs of Iron Deficiency

• When trees and shrubs lack iron, the yellowing of leaves occurs. However, this yellowing is inconsistent across the leaf or the entire tree. The veins remain dark in iron-deficient leaves, while the surrounding tissue transitions to light green or yellow. Some trees may display symptoms on a single branch while the rest of the tree appears unaffected.

Treatment options include surface applications, deep root injection, and foliar sprays. High soil pH can exacerbate iron deficiency, rendering it unavailable for plants. This is often observed in soil around new buildings contaminated by lime in mortar from block, brick, or stucco, raising the pH and limiting iron availability. In such cases, addressing soil pH is crucial to making nutrients accessible for optimal plant health.

Signs of Manganese Deficiency

• Trees experiencing a shortage of manganese display symptoms similar to iron deficiency, with yellow leaves featuring green veins. Additionally, these leaves may appear wilted, and the fruit may be smaller than usual.

Treatment options involve foliar sprays and soil applications. Like iron, manganese becomes less available in soils with high pH, necessitating attention when pH limits manganese availability.

Signs of Potassium (K) Deficiency

• Potassium is another major component in fertilizers and is needed by plants to support sugar formation for protein synthesis, cell division, and root development. Additionally, potassium makes plants more resistant to diseases and pests.

A deficiency of potassium appears in the form of leaf edge chlorosis on newly matured leaves. If the deficiency is not promptly addressed, necrosis spreads from the leaf edge to the midrib. The chlorosis associated with potassium deficiency is irreversible even if potassium is supplied to plants.

Addressing Nutrient Deficiency

• It’s essential to note that these symptoms can also be caused by factors such as pests, diseases, or environmental stress. So, it’s advisable to have a professional, such as an arborist, evaluate the tree and conduct a soil test to identify any nutrient deficiencies and develop a proper treatment plan.

To correct any nutrient deficiencies or other tree issues, contact American Tree Experts Inc. We are a professional tree pruning and nutrient management company. Our experts will develop a customized plant healthcare program and look after your trees as best as possible. Call us at (973) 774-6091 today for a free quote for all your tree-related needs.

How does fertilization enhance the health of trees? Understanding the science behind nutrient supplementation

A tree fertilizing program is crucial for maintaining the growth and health of your trees. Fertilizers provide the main macronutrients required for tree growth and metabolic functions. Additionally, well-nourished trees are more resilient to stress, diseases, and pest attacks. Keep reading to understand the significance of fertilization for your trees.

An Overview Of Tree Fertilization

• Fertilizer includes natural or chemical substances added to soil to enhance its health and nutrient content. Typically, chemical-based fertilizers contain a blend of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K). The specific quantities required for a tree depend on the existing levels of each element in the soil. It is advisable to have a tree care professional assess the soil quality around a tree to determine the appropriate balance of N-P-K needed in the complete fertilizer.

The frequency of fertilization varies based on the age of the tree. Since young saplings are sensitive in their early stages, they require small applications of quick-release fertilizer. Developing trees can handle regular fertilizers and should be fertilized twice a year, ideally during the growing season. Mature trees have complex root systems that span a wide area, allowing them to absorb nutrients and water from a broader range of soil. Therefore, mature trees don’t require as many added nutrients as younger trees, so an annual fertilization is sufficient.

Benefits Of Tree Fertilization

Here are the top benefits of tree fertilization.

Encourages Tree Growth

• Regular tree fertilization is crucial for fostering healthy growth. In the early stages, fertilization provides essential nutrients for a young tree, supporting the growth of a robust root system and facilitating rapid upward and outward growth. As the tree matures, consistent nourishment becomes necessary for sustenance and growth.

Protects Against Diseases

• Tree fertilization provides an added layer of protection against diseases. Consider fertilizer as the equivalent of food for trees. Just as a well-balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and lean meats supports human health and immune function, providing the right fertilizers to trees ensures they receive the necessary nutrition to stay healthy and resilient against potential diseases.

Facilitates Healing Of Injured Trees

• Another reason for prioritizing tree fertilization is its role in recovering injured or damaged trees. Trees can face various threats, including insect damage, pruning-related harm, or injury from strong winds. When a tree experiences such damage, providing the right nutrients through fertilization becomes essential for prompt and effective healing.

Fertilization Methods for Trees

• Determining the most suitable fertilization method for your trees involves consulting a tree care specialist. Here are three primary fertilization approaches:

Compost

• Compost consists of decayed plant matter and mimics the natural fertilizer found in forests. This organic material provides essential nutrients for a tree’s healthy growth. While compost takes longer to absorb as it relies on soil microorganisms for processing, it is an environmentally friendly and beneficial fertilization method. To apply compost, spread it around the base of the trunk and generously sprinkle it over the surrounding root areas.

Organic Fertilizers

• Organic fertilizers are derived from plant and animal-based materials and exclude composted substances. Although more expensive than inorganic alternatives, organic fertilizers are environmentally friendly and pose minimal harm to trees.

Inorganic Fertilizers

• Commonly chosen for its cost-effectiveness, inorganic fertilizer is absorbed quickly compared to organic options. Although less environmentally friendly, it is popular for providing trees with essential nutrients. Inorganic fertilizers offer a quick nutrient release, supporting the tree’s growth and health.

Enlist the services of a skilled arborist to ensure optimal results from tree fertilization. American Tree Experts Inc. provides the best tree nutrient management services, employing highly qualified arborists and experts. Call us today at (973) 774-6091 and let our experts handle all your tree pruning and nutrient management needs.

Gardening made easy – A practical guide to common plant diseases and their treatment

Plants are vital in maintaining ecological balance and sustaining life on Earth. However, like any living organism, plants are susceptible to diseases affecting their health and growth. Whether you are a seasoned gardener or new, this guide provides valuable insights to help you identify and address common plant diseases to keep your plants healthy and disease-free.

Powdery Mildew

• Powdery mildew, with its distinctive white, dusty coating, affects various plants, including fragrant lilacs, apples, grapes, cucumbers, peas, daisies, and roses. This common plant disease can severely compromise the health of plants.

Treatment

• A proactive approach involves raking and promptly disposing of infected leaves to minimize the spread of spores. Additionally, ensure your plants enjoy optimal conditions by providing good drainage and ample air circulation. Adopt a watering routine that avoids overhead irrigation at night.

Instead, mid-morning watering sessions are a better approach as they allow the leaves to dry before the evening. Commercial fungicides tailored to powdery mildew are available for those seeking more targeted interventions. Alternatively, you can use a natural remedy recommended by gardening experts.

Downy Mildew

• Downy mildew is challenging for plants, including impatiens, pansies, columbine, grapevines, lettuce, and cole crops like broccoli and cauliflower. Unlike powdery mildew, downy mildew is triggered by fungus-like organisms.

It typically emerges in damp conditions, causing discoloration on the upper part of leaves and the development of white or gray mold on the undersides.

Treatment

• Addressing downy mildew involves simple practices. When possible, choose plant varieties that show resistance to this condition. While specific fungicides for downy mildew are unavailable, cultural approaches can be effective. If your plants are affected, promptly remove and dispose of infected leaves or even entire plants if the infestation is widespread.

Follow these practices to prevent the recurrence of downy mildew:

• Avoid overcrowding plants
• Refrain from evening watering
• Practice crop rotation for edibles yearly

With these practical measures, you can mitigate the impact of downy mildew and promote the well-being of your ornamental and edible plants.

Black spot

• It is a fungal disease commonly affecting roses, various other flowers, and fruits. While it is not fatal to plants, its presence weakens them and makes them more susceptible to additional issues. In cooler, moist conditions, small black spots appear on the foliage, turning the affected leaves yellow and eventually detaching them from the plant.

Treatment

• It is crucial to remove and dispose of diseased canes and leaves before the onset of winter, as the fungus overwinters in these areas. Maintaining clean and dry foliage is key to preventing black spots. This can be achieved through mulching beneath plants, strategically positioning roses in the morning sun for dew evaporation, and adopting a watering method that targets the roots rather than wetting the foliage.

For those seeking additional measures, consider incorporating black spot-resistant rose varieties into your garden. Furthermore, a preventative application of fungicide can protect plants from this disease.

Mosaic Viruses

• Mosaic viruses are a challenge for gardeners. It has two types: the tomato mosaic virus and the tobacco mosaic virus. The former targets tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, apples, pears, and cherries, while the latter infects peppers, cucumbers, lettuce, beets, petunias, and tobacco.

Treatment

• Various symptoms can identify viruses, including yellowing, stunted growth, deformed fruits, and diminished yield. A proactive approach involves removing and disposing of infected plants, including roots. It is advisable to avoid planting susceptible species in the same area for two years to prevent reoccurrence.

If you fear that your trees and plants are suffering from plant diseases, then waste no time and contact American Tree Experts. We provide effective and proactive Disease Management for plants and trees. Call us at (973) 744-6091 to get a free estimate of our services. We operate in Mont Clair, New Jersey, and nearby areas.

Are you ready for winter? 5 tips to prepare your garden this winter

Plants are genetically able to detect atmospheric shifts and proactively adapt to them. However, higher winter temperatures stimulate growth and flowering, and cooler temperatures slow growth. Preparing your garden when the temperature drops below freezing is important to ensure it bounces back strong in the spring. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or just starting, these tips will help protect delicate plants and optimize soil health.

Protect Flowering Plants

• While plants usually survive the cold winter weather, the flowers on winter-flowering plants like camellias, plum, and cherry trees are in danger. A severe freeze can harm buds when they are swollen and about to bloom. The damage may not be apparent until the flowers open, revealing brown spots on the petals.

Sometimes, the entire bud might freeze and fall off the plant. Fully bloomed flowers may turn an unhealthy brown or drop to the ground. It’s advisable to cover plants with buds and open flowers using an old sheet or a commercially available frost cover to protect flowers. Avoid using plastic, as it can create an oven effect when exposed to sunlight.

Prune Your Plants

• Take advantage of the winter season to prune your plants. It’s an ideal time to focus on shaping young deciduous trees for better structure. Observing the tree’s form and addressing issues like crossing wood is easier without leaves. Additionally, once the flower buds have set, winter is the perfect time for hydrangea pruning.

Trim the old wood and prune the shrubs back to the healthy, plump flower buds for a vibrant display in the coming year. In addition, winter is the essential period for pruning roses. After pruning, apply a seaweed-based product to condition the soil. This helps in drought tolerance and enhances resistance to frost, pests, and diseases, ensuring your plants thrive.

Remove Weed

• As winter sets in, taking time to de-weed your garden is advisable. Unchecked weed growth can become a significant issue. Early winter is the perfect opportunity to address them. Remove weeds from the root, especially those growing through paving joints.

While weed killers are an option, consider eco-friendly alternatives to minimize environmental impact. Keep in mind if you are spraying chemicals too close to your garden border, it can affect neighboring plant growth.

Protect Your Garden from Water Damage

• As the risk of heavy rain increases, protecting your garden from flooding and water-logging becomes crucial. Enhance your soil through year-round cultivation to safeguard your plants from rot and decay during downpours. Consider using raised beds to elevate plants out of harm’s way, providing an additional layer of protection with stone walling for both practicality and style.

Prevent further flooding by installing permeable paving, allowing water to drain swiftly instead of pooling. For a well-maintained lawn, rake off leaves and aerate using a garden fork to create intervals in the grass, ensuring proper water drainage and a healthy, thriving garden.

Add Organic Mulch

• Mulching is an eco-friendly gardening practice, especially effective when using the right materials. Consider covering your garden beds with thick organic substances like mulch or wood chippings.

This protective layer protects plants from freezing temperatures and helps minimize soil erosion caused by winter rainfall. Organic mulching is essential for a healthier and more sustainable garden.

If you are looking for the best pruning and tree removal services for your trees, contact American Tree Experts Inc. today. We are a group of tree experts working in Montclair, New Jersey. Call us today at (973) 744-6091, and we will give you a fantastic quote for free.